Resolution 68-NQ/TW (adopted May 4, 2025) repositions the private sector as a key driver of Vietnam’s economy, emphasizing its role in science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation. It aims to foster sustainable growth through institutional reforms, including eliminating the ‘ask-give’ mechanism, ensuring freedom to operate in non-prohibited sectors, and cutting at least 30% of administrative procedures. By 2030, Vietnam targets two million businesses, with at least 20 large enterprises in global value chains, contributing 55-58% of GDP, and achieving 8.5-9.5% annual labor productivity growth. By 2045, the goal is three million active businesses contributing over 60% of GDP with strong regional and global competitiveness. Reforms include legal protections for businesses (e.g., ending overlapping inspections, upholding the ‘presumption of innocence’), improved resource access (e.g., 30% land rental reduction for high-tech firms), and tax incentives (e.g., 200% R&D spending tax-deductible). The resolution also promotes supply chain integration, supports overseas expansion through the ‘Go Global’ program, and targets training 10,000 CEOs in business ethics and entrepreneurship.